These consisted of about 5 000 infantry soldiers divided into ten cohorts of six centuries, which were further divided into 8-man units who ate and slept together, often a small cavalry squadron, and about 1000 non-combatants. A consul's legion was commanded by up to six elected military tribunes but if the general was not a consul at the time, it was under a legate or the general himself.
| Titles | Base | Creator |
| I Minervia | Rhine | |
| I Italica | Lower Moesia | |
| I Adiutrix | Misenum/Upper Pannonia | Nero |
| II Adiutrix | Misenum fleet | Nero |
| I Germanica | Bonna | |
| II Parthica | Septimius Severus | |
| II Augusta | Rhine, Britain | |
| III Augusta | ||
| III Syrenaica | Arabia | |
| III Gallica | Syria | |
| IV Scythica | Syria | |
| IV Macedonia | Rhine | |
| V Macedonica | Moesia | |
| VI Valeria Victrix | Lower Germany, Britain | |
| VI Ferrata | Palestine | |
| VII Claudia | Danube | |
| XI Hispana | ||
| X Gemina | Upper Pannonia | |
| X Fretensis | ||
| XI Claudia | ||
| XIV Gemina Marcia Victrix | Rhine | Augustus |
| XV Primigenia | Vetera | |
| XV Apollinaris | Upper Euphrates | |
| XVI Gallica | Novaesium | |
| XX Valeria Marcia Victrix | Britain | |
| XXI Rapax | ||
| XXII Primigenia | Upper Germany | |
| XXX Ulpia Victrix | Lower Rhine |
| imperator (Emperor) | originally meant 'general' |
| legatus | commander (had to be of senatorial rank) |
| prefectus | prefect |
| praefectus fabrum | civilian appointed by general to equip and supply all the army's needs |
| tribunus (senior + junior) | legate's staff |
| primipilus (primus pilus - first spear) | leading centurion |
| princeps | senior auxiliary centurion |
| specularius | spy |
| cornicularis | head of commissariat |
| centurion | commanded 100 men (about 60 per legion) |
| decurion | commanded 10 men |
| contubernalis | subaltern or military cadet |
| miles gregarius | ordinary soldier or legionary |
| Imaginifer | standard bearer |
| auxiliaries | non-citizen legions, often conquered tribesmen |
A crown or corona was a military decoration awarded for acts of bravery.
|
Crown
(most important first) |
Translation | Awarded for: |
| Corona Graminea | grass crown | saving a whole legion or army |
| Corona Civica | civic crown, oak leaves | saving lives of fellow soldiers, and holding the ground to the end of the battle |
| Corona Aurea | gold crown | killing an enemy in single combat and holding the ground to the end of the battle |
| Corona Muralis | crenellated gold crown | being first over the walls when storming a city |
| Corona Navalis | gold crown decorated with ships' beaks | bravery during a sea battle |
| Corona Vallaris | gold crown | being first across ramparts of an enemy camp |
This collection of names compiled by Kate Monk. Copyright January 1997, Kate Monk. Last updated April, 97. Copies may be made for personal use only.